Impedance Spectroscopy is a versatile technique used to investigate the dielectric behavior of materials. It is based on analyzing the dielectric response of a material as the applied electric field changes. The measured quantity is impedance, which accounts for the different contributions a resistive material makes to the passage of current. By analyzing the impedance response and using an equivalent electrical model, it is possible to correlate variations in impedance with the chemical and physical mechanisms that determine it, such as mass transport, reaction rates, corrosion, dielectric properties, defects, microstructures, and the effect of composition on the conductivity of solids.

Hewlett Packard 4284A impedance bridge

Precision RLC (Resistance, Inductance, Capacitance) meter with accessory for measuring the dielectric constant of materials in the range  of 20 Hz  to 1 MHz.
Technical specifications:
● wide range test (20Hz-1MHz);
● 0.05% basic accuracy;
● high measurement speed: 15 ms.
Applications:
● measurement of the dielectric constant.